Generative AI Bolsters Innovation in Construction Industry

The past year has seen a wave of layoffs across the tech sector, but technologists, computer scientists and software engineers have a new skip in their step. Artificial intelligence is making headlines. Whether it’s regarding ChatGPT, Google’s Bard, Dall-E or Midjourney, debates about the future of work in a world of AI are front and center in board rooms and lecture halls. This nascent technology will influence everything from healthcare to education and finance, and one industry that can’t be overlooked is construction. With the potential to improve resource allocation, predict maintenance and improve robotics, generative AI could energize the construction industry.

Generative AI is a specific type of AI that focuses on creating machine learning models designed to generate new data, images or text. The models absorb data sets from existing data sources while employing complex algorithms to identify patterns and relationships within the data. This enables the model to generate new content that mimics the style and characteristics of the original data. With a wealth of data available via the internet — whether it’s recipes, historical stock prices or design-build specifications — AI systems are amassing a tremendous amount of information, providing a foundation for new content on virtually any topic.

Within the construction industry, generative AI — continuing to grow as an emergent technology — could provide the following solutions:

• Optimize resource allocation. By analyzing complex construction schedules and workflows, generative AI could identify inefficiencies and suggest improvements. Construction teams can take these suggestions to optimize the allocation of resources, labor and equipment — aiming to rein in costs while providing timely project completion.
• Predict maintenance issues and support structural health. By analyzing historical data from sensors and other sources, generative AI can predict potential maintenance issues and structural weaknesses before they become critical. This could extend the life span of infrastructure or minimize the risk of failures, ultimately leading to increased safety and reduced maintenance costs.
• Improve construction automation. Construction robotics and autonomous systems could use generative AI to identify patterns from the construction site and adapt their behavior accordingly. The goal for construction automation is to improve the performance of construction robotics, making them more efficient and effective at tasks such as assembly, excavation and materials handling.

A Bold New Future Comes With Risks and Opportunities

The potential to leverage generative AI may enthrall technologists and construction managers, but practical implementation is not without its challenges. Reliance on AI-generated designs raises questions regarding reliability and accountability. Structural failures would raise ethical and legal questions regarding the responsible party. In a world where AI is creating design specifications for infrastructure projects, new legal frameworks and industry standards may be compulsory.

Conversely, generative AI presents numerous opportunities to innovate in the construction industry. Generative AI will show us new ways to design buildings, improve energy efficiency and optimize construction processes. In these early days of this emergent technology, we can expect generative AI to transform the way we conceive and create our built environment, ideally delivering more sustainable, resilient and aesthetically pleasing buildings and infrastructure. In addition to improving designs and construction processes, generative AI may lead to safer job sites by identifying safety hazards and reducing the occurrence of accidents.

For construction teams and projects, generative AI could optimize resource allocation, minimize waste and enhance design. Equipped with this transformative technology, the construction industry could take a leading role on major global challenges, including climate change and urbanization. A collaborative environment that explores the potential benefits of AI and new technologies could pave the way toward a more sustainable and innovative future, with the construction industry leading the way.

Artificial intelligence is spurring innovation while prompting business leaders to reevaluate strategies and business practices — and computer vision is a critical component of AI innovation in the construction industry. Specifically, computer vision can support safety, quality control and project progress on construction sites.